Walking to your car after a late shift or returning home with groceries should not be a life-threatening event. Yet, for many people in Dallas, a routine moment turns violent because a criminal saw an opportunity, which is why a Dallas premises liability lawyer may investigate whether the property owner failed to provide adequate security.
While the person who attacked you bears criminal responsibility, they often lack the financial means to pay for your medical bills and trauma. Texas law recognizes that the liability for criminal acts on property often extends to the landowner who allowed a dangerous environment to fester.
Property owners, including apartment management companies and shopping mall operators, hold a duty to protect their visitors from foreseeable harm. Profits often take priority over safety in the real world. A landlord might refuse to fix a broken gate to save money, or a store owner might ignore burnt-out parking lot lights.
These decisions create a playground for predators. Holding these owners accountable requires proving that they knew the crime was likely to happen and did nothing to stop it.
The Bottom Line
- Foreseeability Dictates Liability: Texas courts look at past crimes in the area to determine if the property owner should have anticipated the attack.
- The Timberwalk Rule: This specific Texas legal standard uses five factors to measure if a property owner had enough warning to prevent a crime.
- Duty to Act: Landowners must take reasonable steps, such as installing lights or hiring guards, when the risk of crime becomes apparent.
- Negligent Security: This legal term describes a failure to implement standard safety measures that would have deterred the criminal.
- Texas Property Code: Specific statutes mandate security devices like deadbolts and window latches for rental properties.
- Evidence is Perishable: Security footage and maintenance logs often disappear quickly, demanding immediate legal preservation.
Foreseeability and The Timberwalk Rule
You cannot hold a property owner responsible for a random, unpredictable act of violence. You must prove the crime was foreseeable. Texas law sets a high bar for this. We must show that the owner had reason to know that a crime was likely to occur. This does not mean they needed a crystal ball. It means they needed to pay attention to the reality of their neighborhood, which becomes one of the necessary steps to file a claim.
Texas courts rely on a landmark case, Timberwalk Apartments, Partners, Inc. v. Cain, to decide these cases. This rule establishes a strict test to determine if a property owner should have seen the danger coming. We build your case by satisfying the five specific Timberwalk factors.
1. Proximity
Crimes happening closer to the property carry more weight. A shooting in the apartment complex laundry room serves as a clear warning. A robbery three miles away means less. We map out the "crime grid" to show a tightening circle of violence around the location where you suffered harm.
2. Recency
Recent crimes matter more than old ones. A rash of carjackings in the last three months signals an immediate threat. A single assault five years ago does not. We focus on the timeline leading up to your attack to show an escalating pattern that the owner ignored.
3. Frequency
One isolated incident rarely establishes foreseeability. A pattern of repeated criminal activity creates a duty to act. We pull police reports to count the number of calls for service. Showing that police visited the property 50 times in one year destroys the owner's argument that they had no idea crime existed there.
4. Similarity
The previous crimes must resemble the crime that hurt you. Property owners often argue that a history of car theft does not predict a sexual assault. We fight this by showing that property crimes often escalate to violent crimes when unchecked. A dark parking lot that attracts thieves eventually invites robbers and attackers.
5. Publicity
The owner must have known, or should have known, about the crimes. We look for evidence that the owner received police bulletins, saw news reports, or received complaints from other tenants. Proving the owner knew about the danger and chose to do nothing serves as the linchpin of a negligent security claim.
The Duty to Upgrade Security
Establishing foreseeability triggers the duty to act. A property owner cannot know about a danger and sit on their hands. They must take reasonable steps to reduce the risk. Failing to upgrade security measures in the face of rising crime constitutes negligence and raises the question of who is liable.
Adequate Lighting
Criminals prefer darkness. Adequate lighting serves as the simplest and most effective deterrent. We hire experts to measure the "foot-candles" of light in the parking lot. We check maintenance logs to see if lights remained burnt out for weeks. We determine if shadows created blind spots where an attacker could hide. We compare the lighting levels to industry standards for safe parking facilities.
Access Control and Gates
Apartment complexes often advertise "gated communities" to attract tenants. Broken gates offer a false sense of security. Management often leaves gates stuck open for months to avoid repair costs. Giving the gate code to every pizza delivery driver and leaving it unchanged for years defeats the purpose. Failing to maintain a promised security feature constitutes a clear breach of duty.
Security Guards and Patrols
High-crime areas often demand a human presence. A courtesy patrol driving through once a night might not suffice. Stationing a guard at the entrance prevents unauthorized entry. Roving patrols must cover the property often enough to deter loiterers.
Hiring a guard company that fails to train its staff on how to handle violent situations can lead to escalation rather than de-escalation. Firing the security team to save money, despite rising crime rates, constitutes strong evidence of conscious indifference.
Apartment Complexes and Tenant Safety
Renters face unique risks because they sleep, eat, and live on the property. The Texas Property Code mandates specific security devices for all residential rental properties. Landlords cannot opt out of these rules. Failing to provide these devices creates automatic liability in many cases.
Keyless Bolting Devices
Every exterior door on a rental unit must have a keyless bolting device (a deadbolt that only locks from the inside). This prevents someone with a master key or a copied key from entering while you stay inside.
The landlord must install these before you move in. The lock must sit at a specific height for easy reach. An intruder entering because this lock was missing or broken means the landlord violated state law.
Window Latches and Sliding Doors
Windows and sliding glass doors serve as common entry points for intruders. Every window must have a working latch. Sliding doors must have a pin lock to prevent the door from being lifted off the track or slid open.
A Charlie bar or similar device adds a second layer of defense. Tenants must request repairs, but the landlord must fix broken latches within a reasonable time, usually seven days or less depending on the danger.
Duty to Repair Safety Devices
A lock only protects you if it works. Landlords must repair or replace broken security devices promptly. You should always report broken locks in writing. The law requires diligent repair efforts, which is why many victims consult personal injury lawyers when landlords ignore these safety issues.
The landlord pays for the repair unless you or your guest broke it intentionally. Ignoring a repair request that leads to a break-in makes the landlord liable for the resulting trauma and theft.
Commercial Properties and Parking Lots
Businesses invite the public in to make money. This invitation carries a responsibility to ensure the visit remains safe. Different types of companies face different risks. We analyze the specific nature of the business to determine what security measures they should have used in a personal injury case.
Shopping Malls and Retail Risks
Malls attract large crowds and cash transactions, making them targets for robbery. Crime spikes during the holiday season. Mall operators must increase security presence during these peak times. We look at whether the mall monitored its video surveillance in real-time or just recorded it for later. A camera no one watches stops no crimes.
Hotels and Motels
Guests at hotels often carry luggage, cash, and valuables, making them prime targets. Hotel operators must control access to guest floors. They must ensure room locks work automatically. They must verify the identity of anyone asking for a room key. Allowing a stranger to access a guest's room often leads to catastrophic assaults.
Parking Garages
Enclosed structures provide cover for criminals. Garages require bright lighting, clear lines of sight, and visible panic buttons or emergency phones. We investigate if the garage had a history of vehicle break-ins that the owner ignored. A pattern of unchecked theft often escalates to carjackings and armed robbery.
High-Value Cases: Shootings and Sexual Assaults
Negligent security cases often involve the most traumatic injuries imaginable. A slip and fall might break a bone, but a shooting or sexual assault leaves physical and emotional scars that last a lifetime. We target these high-value cases because the victims need substantial financial resources to recover.
The Cost of Survival
Gunshot victims often require multiple surgeries, long-term rehabilitation, and lifetime care for nerve damage or paralysis. Survivors of sexual assault face intense therapy needs and potential loss of income due to PTSD. We calculate these costs over the victim's entire life expectancy. We refuse to let a property owner settle for a low amount that covers only the immediate emergency room bills.
Punitive Damages for Gross Negligence
Texas law allows for punitive damages when a property owner acts with gross negligence. This applies when an owner knew about an extreme risk and showed conscious indifference to it.
A landlord who removed security gates to save money despite knowing about a string of rapes in the complex acted with gross negligence. We pursue these damages through a personal injury lawsuit to punish the owner and force them to change their business practices.
FAQs: Liability for Crimes on Property
Can I sue my apartment complex if I was assaulted in my unit?
Yes, if the attacker got in because of a security failure. Proving the landlord failed to provide a keyless bolting device, left a window latch broken, or failed to fix a perimeter gate that allowed the attacker onto the property establishes liability.
Does a business have to hire security guards?
Not always. The duty to hire guards depends on the level of risk. A business in a low-crime area might not need guards. A business in a high-crime area with a history of violent incidents likely has a duty to provide a human security presence. We analyze the specific history of that location to determine what was reasonable.
What if the criminal was never caught?
You can still sue the property owner. The civil case against the owner remains separate from the criminal case against the attacker. We do not need the criminal in handcuffs to prove the property owner failed to provide safe premises. We focus on the owner's negligence, not the criminal's identity.
How does the Timberwalk rule affect my case?
The Timberwalk rule acts as the measuring stick for foreseeability. We must use the five factors—proximity, recency, frequency, similarity, and publicity—to prove the owner should have anticipated the crime. Failing to meet this standard usually results in the court dismissing the case.
Is there a cap on damages for negligent security cases?
Texas generally does not cap economic damages (medical bills, lost wages) or non-economic damages (pain and suffering) in premises liability cases. However, punitive damages are capped. We fight to maximize every category of damages available to you.
Contact The Law Firm of Aaron A. Herbert, P.C.
Property owners hold a responsibility to keep our community safe. When they choose profits over people, innocent lives get destroyed. The Law Firm of Aaron A. Herbert, P.C. stands up to negligent landlords, careless store managers, and the massive insurance companies that protect them.
We use our resources and board-certified expertise to demand the justice you deserve. We stand ready to listen to your story. Our team investigates quickly to preserve the evidence you need to win.
Contact us today to discuss your case. We answer our phones 24/7. You pay nothing unless we recover money for you. Se habla español.
ABOUT THE ATTORNEY
Aaron A. Herbert
Founding Attorney
Board Certified in Personal Injury Trial Law
Aaron founded The Law Firm of Aaron A. Herbert in 2010 to focus on developing each client's case and seeking its maximum value. For over a decade, he has represented people seriously injured in major accidents and industrial catastrophes, pursuing trial verdicts and settlements while working to reduce the stress of litigation.
Education
- Texas A&M University · B.S., Criminal Justice, 1999
- University of Oklahoma College of Law · J.D., 2002; graduated in the top of his class
Trial experience & approach
Aaron earned numerous jury verdicts at boutique personal injury litigation firms. According to his biography, he spent a year as the top-earning litigation attorney at a firm that frequently appeared in verdict searches as having one of the highest numbers of trial wins in Texas. At another Dallas personal injury firm, he moved from managing pre-litigation attorney to managing litigation attorney over seven years as the firm grew into one of Dallas's largest personal injury firms.
His biography describes a reputation as one of America's most aggressive trial lawyers, with noteworthy recoveries from judges and juries and substantial pretrial settlements. Most of those settlements included confidentiality agreements requested by the defense. Aaron has said the recoveries were justified by the injuries and losses involved, which no amount of money could make someone choose to experience.
His approach combines passion, preparation, persistence and courtroom imagination. He believes a well-supported, engaged and motivated team working cooperatively helps deliver strong representation, with the goal of achieving the best possible result for every client.
Dallas roots, military service & publication
Born and raised in Dallas, Aaron enlisted in the United States Marine Corps after high school and later received an Honorable Discharge. He completed his university and law degrees after his military service and became a lifelong Sooners football fan in law school.
Publication: “Litigating Dog Bite Cases,” Texas Dog Law Seminar, Dallas, 2009.
Professional affiliations & recognition
Professional affiliations and recognition listed in Aaron’s biography:
- State Bar of Texas
- American Bar Association
- Association of Trial Lawyers of America (now American Association for Justice)
- Texas Trial Lawyers Association
- Dallas Trial Lawyers Association
- Dallas Bar Association
- Tarrant County Bar Association
- Million Dollar Advocates Forum
- The National Trial Lawyers – Top 100 Trial Lawyers
Trial experience & approach
Aaron earned numerous jury verdicts at boutique personal injury litigation firms. According to his biography, he spent a year as the top-earning litigation attorney at a firm that frequently appeared in verdict searches as having one of the highest numbers of trial wins in Texas. At another Dallas personal injury firm, he moved from managing pre-litigation attorney to managing litigation attorney over seven years as the firm grew into one of Dallas's largest personal injury firms.
His biography describes a reputation as one of America's most aggressive trial lawyers, with noteworthy recoveries from judges and juries and substantial pretrial settlements. Most of those settlements included confidentiality agreements requested by the defense. Aaron has said the recoveries were justified by the injuries and losses involved, which no amount of money could make someone choose to experience.
His approach combines passion, preparation, persistence and courtroom imagination. He believes a well-supported, engaged and motivated team working cooperatively helps deliver strong representation, with the goal of achieving the best possible result for every client.
Dallas roots, military service & publication
Born and raised in Dallas, Aaron enlisted in the United States Marine Corps after high school and later received an Honorable Discharge. He completed his university and law degrees after his military service and became a lifelong Sooners football fan in law school.
Publication: “Litigating Dog Bite Cases,” Texas Dog Law Seminar, Dallas, 2009.
Professional affiliations & recognition
Professional affiliations and recognition listed in Aaron’s biography:
- State Bar of Texas
- American Bar Association
- Association of Trial Lawyers of America (now American Association for Justice)
- Texas Trial Lawyers Association
- Dallas Trial Lawyers Association
- Dallas Bar Association
- Tarrant County Bar Association
- Million Dollar Advocates Forum
- The National Trial Lawyers – Top 100 Trial Lawyers